GENETIC ENGINEERING
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GENETIC ENGINEERING
DNA. Manipulation and transference of genetic information from one Organism to another. The present situation and hopes for Genetic Engineering in the future.
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INTRODUCTION
- Genetic engineering was common practice in the field and stable long before
It was born in the laboratories of scientists.
- Gregor Mendel studied the ways in which plants transmitted their characteristics from one generation to the next.
- The genetic inheritance.
GENETICS
- The genetic inheritance of livin-beings is written in a code which is a group
of instructions that an organism receives from its parents at conception. This code defines an individual’s features as well as its collective ones.
Genes. The DNA.
Watson and Crick: the double helix of the DNA molecule.
Adenine, Thiamide, Cytosine and Guanine.
The RNA. Ribosomes.
Proteins intervine in almost every chimical reaction in the body.
Mutations. Polymorphism and Evolution.
What does the Genetic Engineering study?
Culture of modified bacteria
APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
Genetic manipulation. Animal and plant species may become more resistant and profitable.
Bacteria which help plants capture nitrogen and other which convert rubbish into fuel.
Obtaining antibiotics, vitamins and essential aminoacids.
Insulin was the first hormone synthesised through genetic manipulation.
Interferon: a protein effective against viral diseases and perhaps against cancer.
Vaccine against hepatitis B
To fight certain illnesses we must know our genetic code
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
¿What is the genome? The Genome Proyect.
It is thought that the explanation as to why a group of cells suddenly start to grow out of control until they destroy an organism lies in the genes.
The possible number of combinations of DNA bases is greater than the number of atoms in the universe.
Genetic tests are already used to classify immigrants ant to resolve doubtful cases of paternity and to solve the perpetrators of terrible crimes.
Promising future: plants inmune to insect and fungi plagues; bacteria that manufacture snow, plastics and petroleum; bacteria that feed off rubbish.
Organic “biochips” will be manufactured in the future.
Production of proteins from cultures of genetically modified bacteria.
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