MILESTONES IN MEDICINE II: VACCINES AND ANTIBIOTICS

MILESTONES IN MEDICINE II: VACCINES AND ANTIBIOTICS Vaccination or immunotherapy. (the smallpox virus) Edward Jenner and the immunisation method against smallpox. Typhus. Waldemar Haffkine developed the treatment against cholera. Almroth Wright and the vaccine for typhus. Diphteria, tuberculosis, whooping cough, yellow fever, measles, hepatitis B, chicken pox, meningitis. Antiviral Drugs. Viruses. The mechanisms of vaccines. Antibiotics. The world before antibiotics were discovered. Paul Ehrlich. Alexander Fleming. Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. Albert Schatz. The present and future of the antimicrobial war. Molecular Medicine. Future hope: merging of quantum physics, computer science and DNA. Vaccination or immunotherapy - The smallpox virus. - Variosilation - Introduction of smallpox in Europe - Edward Jenner and the immunisation method against smallpox - Typhus - Waldemar Haffkine developed the treatment against cholera - Almroth Wright and the vaccine for typhus - Diphtheria, tuberculosis, whooping cough, tetanus and mumps. Vaccines. - Vaccines against poliomyelitis, yellow fever, measles, German measles, hepatitis B, chicken pox and meningitis - Antiviral drugs - Viruses Mechanisms of Vaccines - How vaccines are normally made. - The white corpuscles - Creation of antibodies: lymphocytes, leukocytes. - The antigen-antibody union - Virus mutation - Duration of the vaccine protection - Bacteria and Toxins - Vaccination schedules - New biology and molecular genetic techniques open new fields for manufacture of vaccines Antibiotics - The world before antibiotics were discovered. - The germs. - The human cells coexist with a number of bacterial cells. - Antibiotics are obtained from fungi, bacteria or chemical synthesis - Types of antibiotics - Paul Ehrlich discovered “Salvarsan” - Alexander Fleming and Penicillum notatum - Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain - Antibiotherapy. - Streptomycin. Tuberculosis. Albert Schatz. - Appearance of semi synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins - First results on antibiotherapy The present and future of the antimicrobial war - A powerful enemy: antibacterial resistance is becoming a world-wide public health problem. - The negligent use of antibiotics. - Causes of bacterial resistance. - Science has declared war to bacteria. - Escherichia coli and carnivorous bacteria. Molecular Medicine: Future hope: merging of quantum physics, computer science and DNA.